Mapulateleti (thrombocytes) ndi tiziduswa tating'ono ta cytoplasm totulutsidwa kuchokera ku cytoplasm ya okhwima Megakaryocyte m'mafupa.Ngakhale kuti megakaryocyte ndi ochepa kwambiri a maselo a hematopoietic m'mafupa, omwe amawerengera 0.05% yokha ya maselo onse a m'mafupa, mapulateleti omwe amapanga ndi ofunika kwambiri pa ntchito ya hemostatic ya thupi.Megakaryocyte iliyonse imatha kupanga mapulateleti 200-700.
Kuchuluka kwa mapulateleti a munthu wamkulu wabwinobwino ndi (150-350) × 109/L.Mapulateleti ali ndi ntchito yosunga kukhulupirika kwa makoma a mitsempha ya magazi.Pamene chiwerengero cha kupatsidwa zinthu za m`mwazi amachepetsa 50 × Pamene kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi m`munsimu 109/L, kuvulala zazing`ono kapena kungowonjezera kuthamanga kwa magazi kungayambitse magazi stasis mawanga pa khungu ndi submucosa, ndipo ngakhale purpura yaikulu.Izi ndichifukwa choti mapulateleti amatha kukhazikika pakhoma la mitsempha nthawi iliyonse kuti akwaniritse mipata yomwe imasiyidwa ndi endothelial cell detachment, ndipo imatha kuphatikizira m'maselo a vascular endothelial cell, omwe angakhale ndi gawo lofunikira pakusunga umphumphu wa maselo a endothelial kapena kukonza ma cell endothelial.Mapulateleti akakhala ochepa, ntchitozi zimakhala zovuta kumaliza ndipo pamakhala chizolowezi chotulutsa magazi.Mapulateleti m'magazi ozungulira nthawi zambiri amakhala "osakhazikika".Koma mitsempha yamagazi ikawonongeka, mapulateleti amawunikiridwa kudzera m'kukhudzana kwapamtunda ndi zochita za zinthu zina za coagulation.Mapulateleti oyendetsedwa amatha kutulutsa zinthu zingapo zofunika pakupanga kwa hemostatic ndikuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi monga kumamatira, kuphatikiza, kumasula, ndi kutsatsa.
Mapulateleti omwe amapanga Megakaryocyte amachokera ku maselo amtundu wa hematopoietic m'mafupa.Ma cell a hematopoietic stem cell amayamba kusiyanitsa kukhala ma cell a megakaryocyte, omwe amadziwikanso kuti colony forming unit megakaryocyte (CFU Meg).Ma chromosome mu phata la cell cell nthawi zambiri amakhala 2-3 ploidy.Pamene maselo a progenitor ali diploid kapena tetraploid, maselo amatha kufalikira, kotero iyi ndi siteji pamene mizere ya Megakaryocyte imawonjezera chiwerengero cha maselo.Pamene megakaryocyte progenitor maselo zinanso kusiyanitsa mu 8-32 ploidy Megakaryocyte, cytoplasm anayamba kusiyanitsa ndi dongosolo Endomembrane pang'onopang'ono anamaliza.Pomaliza, chinthu cha nembanemba chimalekanitsa cytoplasm ya Megakaryocyte m'malo ang'onoang'ono.Selo lililonse likapatulidwa kotheratu, limakhala mapulateleti.Imodzi ndi imodzi, mapulateleti amagwa kuchokera ku Megakaryocyte kudzera mumpata pakati pa maselo a endothelial a khoma la sinus la mtsempha ndikulowa m'magazi.
Kukhala ndi katundu wosiyanasiyana wa immunological.TPO ndi glycoprotein yopangidwa makamaka ndi impso, yokhala ndi kulemera kwa pafupifupi 80000-90000.Mapulateleti akachepa m'magazi, kuchuluka kwa TPO m'magazi kumawonjezeka.Ntchito za chinthu chowongolera izi ndi izi: ① kukulitsa kaphatikizidwe ka DNA m'maselo oyambira ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa ma cell polyploids;② Limbikitsani Megakaryocyte kupanga mapuloteni;③ Kuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa Megakaryocyte, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mapulateleti achuluke.Pakalipano, akukhulupirira kuti kuchulukana ndi kusiyanitsa kwa Megakaryocyte kumayendetsedwa makamaka ndi zifukwa ziwiri zoyendetsera magawo awiri a kusiyana.Zowongolera ziwirizi ndi megakaryocyte Colony-stimulating factor (Meg CSF) ndi Thrombopoietin (TPO).Meg CSF ndi chinthu chowongolera chomwe chimagwira ntchito kwambiri pagawo la cell ya progenitor, ndipo ntchito yake ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa ma cell a megakaryocyte progenitor.Pamene chiwerengero chonse cha Megakaryocyte m'mafupa chimachepa, kupanga kwa izi kumawonjezeka.
Mapulateleti akalowa m'magazi, amakhala ndi ntchito zathupi kwa masiku awiri oyamba, koma moyo wawo wapakati ukhoza kukhala masiku 7-14.Muzochita zakuthupi za hemostatic, mapulateleti okha amasweka ndikutulutsa zinthu zonse zogwira pambuyo pakuphatikizana;Itha kuphatikizidwanso m'ma cell endothelial cell.Kuphatikiza pa kukalamba ndi kuwonongeka, mapulateleti amathanso kudyedwa pakugwira ntchito kwawo kwa thupi.Mapulateleti okalamba amalowa mu ndulu, chiwindi, ndi mapapu.
1. Mapangidwe a mapulateleti
M'mikhalidwe yabwinobwino, mapulateleti amawoneka ngati ma diski otukuka pang'ono mbali zonse ziwiri, ndi mainchesi a 2-3 μ m.Voliyumu yapakati ndi 8 μ M3.Mapulateleti ndi maselo okhala ndi ma nucleated opanda mawonekedwe apadera pansi pa maikulosikopu, koma mawonekedwe ovuta kwambiri amatha kuwonedwa pansi pa maikulosikopu ya elekitironi.Pakalipano, mapangidwe a mapulateleti amagawidwa m'madera ozungulira, malo a sol gel, dera la Organelle ndi dera lapadera la membrane.
Malo abwinobwino a mapulateleti ndi osalala, okhala ndi tinthu tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tawoneka, ndipo ndi njira yotseguka ya canalicular (OCS).Malo ozungulira a platelet pamwamba amapangidwa ndi zigawo zitatu: wosanjikiza wakunja, nembanemba wa unit, ndi submembrane dera.Chovalacho chimapangidwa makamaka ndi ma glycoproteins (GP), monga GP Ia, GP Ib, GP IIa, GP IIb, GP IIIa, GP IV, GP V, GP IX, ndi zina zotero. ku TSP, thrombin, kolajeni, fibrinogen, ndi zina zotero. Ndikofunikira kuti mapulateleti atenge nawo gawo pakulumikizana ndi kuwongolera chitetezo chathupi.Nembanemba ya unit, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti membrane ya plasma, imakhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayikidwa mu lipid bilayer.Chiwerengero ndi kugawa kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono timagwirizana ndi kuphatikizika kwa mapulateleti ndi ntchito ya coagulation.Nembanemba imakhala ndi Na+- K+ - ATPase, yomwe imasunga kusiyana kwa ion ndende mkati ndi kunja kwa nembanemba.Chigawo cha submembrane chili pakati pa gawo lapansi la nembanemba ya unit ndi mbali yakunja ya microtubule.Dera la submembrane lili ndi ma submembrane filaments ndi Actin, omwe amalumikizana ndi kuphatikiza kwa mapulateleti ndi kuphatikiza.
Ma microtubules, ma microfilaments ndi submembrane filaments amapezekanso m'chigawo cha sol gel cha mapulateleti.Zinthuzi zimapanga mafupa ndi ma contraction system a mapulateleti, omwe amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakusintha kwa mapulateleti, kutulutsa tinthu, kutambasuka, ndi kutsika kwa magazi.Ma microtubules amapangidwa ndi Tubulin, omwe amawerengera 3% ya mapuloteni onse a platelet.Ntchito yawo yayikulu ndikusunga mawonekedwe a mapulateleti.Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timakhala ndi Actin, yomwe ndi puloteni yochuluka kwambiri m'mapulateleti ndipo imapanga 15% ~ 20% ya mapuloteni onse a m'mapulateleti.Ma submembrane filaments makamaka ndi zigawo za fiber, zomwe zingathandize kuti Actin-binding protein ndi Actin crosslink kukhala mitolo pamodzi.Chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa Ca2+, actin imagwirizana ndi prothrombin, contractin, mapuloteni omangiriza, co actin, myosin, etc.
Table 1 Main Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins
Dera la Organelle ndi malo omwe pali mitundu yambiri ya Organelle m'mapulateleti, omwe amakhudza kwambiri ntchito ya mapulateleti.Ndilonso malo opangira kafukufuku muzamankhwala amakono.Zigawo zofunika kwambiri m'dera la Organelle ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tosiyanasiyana, monga α Tinthu, tinthu tating'onoting'ono (δ Tinthu) ndi Lysosome (λ Particles, etc., onani Table 1 kuti mumve zambiri.α Granules ndi malo osungiramo mapulateleti omwe amatha kupanga mapuloteni.Pali zoposa khumi mu mapulateleti α Tinthu tating'onoting'ono.Table 1 imatchula zigawo zikuluzikulu zokha, ndipo malinga ndi kufufuza kwa wolemba, zapezeka kuti α Pali milingo yopitilira 230 ya zinthu zomwe zimachokera ku platelet (PDF) zomwe zimapezeka m'ma granules.Wondiweyani tinthu chiŵerengero α The particles ndi ang'onoang'ono pang'ono, ndi awiri a 250-300nm, ndipo pali 4-8 wandiweyani particles aliyense kupatsidwa mphamvu.Pakalipano, zapezeka kuti 65% ya ADP ndi ATP imasungidwa mu tinthu tating'onoting'ono m'mapulateleti, ndipo 90% ya 5-HT m'magazi imasungidwanso mu tinthu tating'onoting'ono.Chifukwa chake, tinthu tating'onoting'ono timafunikira kwambiri pakuphatikizana kwa mapulateleti.Kutha kumasula ADP ndi 5-HT kukugwiritsidwanso ntchito kuchipatala kuti awunikire katulutsidwe ka mapulateleti.Kuphatikiza apo, derali lilinso ndi mitochondria ndi Lysosome, yomwe ilinso malo opangira kafukufuku kunyumba ndi kunja chaka chino.Mphotho ya Nobel ya 2013 mu Physiology and Medicine idaperekedwa kwa asayansi atatu, James E. Rothman, Randy W. Schekman, ndi Thomas C. S ü dhof, chifukwa chozindikira zinsinsi za njira zoyendera ma intracellular.Palinso minda yambiri yosadziwika mu metabolism ya zinthu ndi mphamvu mu mapulateleti kudzera m'matupi a intracellular ndi Lysosome.
Dera lapadera la membrane limaphatikizapo OCS ndi dense tubular system (DTS).OCS ndi dongosolo lopweteka la mapaipi opangidwa ndi pamwamba pa mapulateleti akumira mkati mwa mapulateleti, kuchulukitsa kwambiri malo a mapulateleti okhudzana ndi plasma.Nthawi yomweyo, ndi njira yopitilira muyeso kuti zinthu zosiyanasiyana zilowe m'mapulateleti ndikutulutsa timagawo tating'ono tating'ono ta mapulateleti.Mapaipi a DTS samalumikizidwa ndi dziko lakunja ndipo ndi malo opangira zinthu m'maselo amagazi.
2. Ntchito ya Physiological ya Platelet
The zokhudza thupi ntchito ya othandiza magazi kuundana ndi kutenga nawo mbali mu hemostasis ndi thrombosis.Ntchito zogwira ntchito za mapulateleti panthawi ya physiological hemostasis zitha kugawidwa m'magawo awiri: hemostasis yoyamba ndi yachiwiri ya hemostasis.Mapulateleti amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'magawo onse awiri a hemostasis, koma njira zenizeni zomwe zimagwirira ntchito zimasiyanabe.
1) Ntchito yoyamba ya hemostatic ya mapulateleti
The thrombus wopangidwa pa chiyambi hemostasis makamaka woyera thrombus, ndi kutsegula zimachitikira monga kupatsidwa zinthu za m`mwazi adhesion, mapindikidwe, kumasulidwa, ndi aggregation ndi njira zofunika kwambiri hemostasis ndondomeko.
I. Platelet adhesion reaction
Kulumikizana pakati pa mapulateleti ndi malo omwe si apulateleti kumatchedwa kumatira kwa mapulateleti, komwe ndi gawo loyamba lochita nawo zochitika za hemostatic pambuyo pa kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha komanso gawo lofunikira pakukula kwa thrombosis.Pambuyo pa kuvulala kwa mitsempha, mapulateleti omwe akuyenda m'chombochi amayendetsedwa ndi pamwamba pa minofu pansi pa mitsempha ya mitsempha ya endothelium ndipo nthawi yomweyo amamatira kuzitsulo zowonekera za collagen pamalo ovulala.Pakatha mphindi 10, mapulateleti omwe adayikidwa m'deralo adafika pamtengo wawo waukulu, ndikupanga magazi oyera.
Zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi kumatira kwa mapulateleti ndi kuphatikiza mapulateleti a glycoprotein Ⅰ (GP Ⅰ), von Willebrand factor (vW factor) ndi collagen mu minofu ya subendothelial.Mitundu ikuluikulu ya collagen yomwe ilipo pa khoma la mitsempha ndi mitundu I, III, IV, V, VI, ndi VII, pakati pa mitundu I, III, ndi IV collagen ndiyo yofunika kwambiri pa ndondomeko yomatira ku platelet pansi pa mikhalidwe yoyenda.The vW factor ndi mlatho womwe umalumikiza kuphatikizika kwa mapulateleti ku mtundu wa I, III, ndi IV collagen, ndipo glycoprotein yeniyeni receptor GP Ib pa nembanemba ya mapulateleti ndiye malo akulu omangirira mapulateleti.Kuphatikiza apo, glycoproteins GP IIb/IIIa, GP Ia/IIa, GP IV, CD36, ndi CD31 pa membrane ya mapulateleti nawonso amatenga nawo gawo pakumatira ku collagen.
II.Platelet aggregation reaction
Chodabwitsa cha mapulateleti kumamatira wina ndi mzake amatchedwa aggregation.The aggregation anachita zimachitika ndi adhesion anachita.Pamaso pa Ca2+, platelet membrane glycoprotein GPIIb/IIIa ndi fibrinogen aggregate amamwaza mapulateleti palimodzi.Kuphatikizika kwa mapulateleti kumatha kuyambitsidwa ndi njira ziwiri zosiyana, imodzi ndi inducers yamankhwala osiyanasiyana, ndipo inayo imayamba chifukwa cha kumeta ubweya wa ubweya pansi pamikhalidwe yoyenda.Kumayambiriro kwa kuphatikizika, mapulateleti amasintha kuchoka ku mawonekedwe a diski kukhala ozungulira ndipo amatuluka mapazi ena achinyengo omwe amaoneka ngati minga yaing’ono;Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kuchepa kwa mapulateleti kumatanthawuza kutulutsidwa kwa zinthu zogwira ntchito monga ADP ndi 5-HT zomwe poyamba zidasungidwa mu tinthu tating'onoting'ono.Kutulutsidwa kwa ADP, 5-HT ndi kupanga Prostaglandin ina ndikofunikira kwambiri pakuphatikiza.
ADP ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakuphatikiza mapulateleti, makamaka ADP yapakatikati yotulutsidwa m'mapulateleti.Onjezani pang'ono ADP (concentration pa 0.9) ku kuyimitsidwa kwa mapulateleti μ Pansi pa mol / L), kungayambitse kuphatikizika kwa mapulateleti, koma kutulutsa mwachangu;Ngati Mlingo wocheperako wa ADP (1.0) uwonjezedwa μ Pafupi ndi mol/L, gawo lachiwiri losasinthika losasinthika limachitika patangotha kutha kwa gawo loyamba lophatikizira ndi gawo la depolymerization, lomwe limayambitsidwa ndi ADP yamkati yotulutsidwa ndi mapulateleti;Ngati kuchuluka kwa ADP kuwonjezeredwa, kumayambitsa kuphatikizika kosasinthika, komwe kumalowa mwachindunji gawo lachiwiri la kuphatikiza.Kuonjezera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya thrombin ku kuyimitsidwa kwa mapulateleti kungayambitsenso kuphatikizika kwa mapulateleti;Ndipo mofanana ndi ADP, pamene mlingo ukuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono, kuphatikizika kosinthika kumatha kuwonedwa kuyambira gawo loyamba mpaka mawonekedwe a magawo awiri ophatikizana, ndikulowa mwachindunji gawo lachiwiri la kuphatikiza.Chifukwa kutsekereza kutulutsidwa kwa endogenous ADP ndi adenosine kumatha kuletsa kuphatikizika kwa mapulateleti chifukwa cha thrombin, zikuwonetsa kuti zotsatira za thrombin zitha kuchitika chifukwa chomangirira thrombin ku thrombin zolandilira pama cell apulateleti, zomwe zimatsogolera kutulutsidwa kwa ADP yamkati.Kuphatikiza kwa collagen kungayambitsenso kuphatikizika kwa mapulateleti pakuyimitsidwa, koma kuphatikizika kosasinthika mu gawo lachiwiri kumakhulupirira kuti kumayamba chifukwa cha kutulutsidwa kwa ADP komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha collagen.Zinthu zomwe nthawi zambiri zingayambitse kuphatikizika kwa mapulateleti zimatha kuchepetsa cAMP m'mapulateleti, pomwe zomwe zimaletsa kuphatikizika kwa mapulateleti zimachulukitsa cAMP.Chifukwa chake, pakali pano akukhulupirira kuti kuchepa kwa cAMP kungayambitse kuchuluka kwa Ca2+ m'mapulateleti, kulimbikitsa kutulutsidwa kwa ADP yokhazikika.ADP imayambitsa kuphatikizika kwa mapulateleti, komwe kumafunikira kukhalapo kwa Ca2 + ndi fibrinogen, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.
Ntchito ya mapulateleti Prostaglandin Phospholipid ya m'madzi a m'magazi a membrane imakhala ndi Arachidonic acid, ndipo cell cell imakhala ndi Phosphatidic acid A2.Mapulateleti akayatsidwa pamwamba, Phospholipase A2 imayatsidwanso.Pansi pa catalysis ya Phospholipase A2, asidi arachidonic amasiyanitsidwa ndi phospholipids mu membrane ya plasma.Arachidonic acid amatha kupanga kuchuluka kwa TXA2 pansi pa catalysis ya platelet cyclooxygenase ndi Thromboxane synthase.TXA2 imachepetsa cAMP m'mapulateleti, zomwe zimapangitsa kuphatikizika kwamphamvu kwa mapulateleti ndi vasoconstriction.TXA2 ilinso yosakhazikika, motero imasandulika kukhala TXB2 yosagwira ntchito.Kuonjezera apo, maselo abwinobwino a mitsempha ya endothelial amakhala ndi prostacyclin synthase, yomwe ingapangitse kupanga prostacyclin (PGI2) kuchokera ku mapulateleti.PGI2 imatha kukulitsa cAMP m'mapulateleti, motero imakhala ndi zoletsa zamphamvu pakuphatikizana kwa mapulateleti ndi Vasoconstriction.
Adrenaline imatha kudutsa α 2. Kulumikizana kwa Adrenergic receptor kungayambitse kuphatikizika kwa mapulateleti a biphasic, ndi kuchuluka kwa (0.1 ~ 10) μ Mol / L.Thrombin pamagulu otsika (<0.1 μ Pa mol / L, gawo loyamba la kuphatikizika kwa mapulateleti makamaka limayamba chifukwa cha PAR1; Pazigawo zazikulu (0.1-0.3) μ Pa mol / L, kuphatikizika kwa gawo lachiwiri kumatha kuyambitsidwa ndi PAR1 ndi PAR4. 2. Mapulateleti amphamvu ophatikizika amaphatikizanso ma platelet activating factor (PAF), kolajeni, vW factor, 5-HT, ndi zina zotero. Kuphatikizika kwa mapulateleti kungathenso kupangitsidwa mwachindunji ndi zochita zamakina popanda inducer. atherosulinosis.
III.Kutulutsa kwa Platelet
Mapulateleti akamakhudzidwa ndi kukondoweza kwa thupi, amasungidwa mu tinthu tating'onoting'ono α Chochitika cha zinthu zambiri mu tinthu ting'onoting'ono ndi ma lysosomes omwe amatulutsidwa m'maselo amatchedwa kumasulidwa.Ntchito ya mapulateleti ambiri imatheka kudzera mwachilengedwe cha zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa kapena kutulutsidwa panthawi yotulutsidwa.Pafupifupi ma inducers onse omwe amayambitsa kuphatikizika kwa mapulateleti angayambitse kutulutsa.Zomwe zimatulutsidwa nthawi zambiri zimachitika pambuyo pa kuphatikizika kwa mapulateleti a gawo loyamba, ndipo zinthu zomwe zimatulutsidwa ndi zomwe zimatulutsidwa zimachititsa kuti gawo lachiwiri liphatikizidwe.Ma inducers omwe amayambitsa kutulutsa amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri:
ndi.Woyambitsa wofooka: ADP, adrenaline, Norepinephrine, vasopressin, 5-HT.
ii.Ma inducers apakatikati: TXA2, PAF.
iii.Ma inducers amphamvu: thrombin, pancreatic enzyme, collagen.
2) Udindo wa mapulateleti mu coagulation ya magazi
Mapulateleti amatenga nawo gawo pakupanga kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana kudzera mu ma phospholipids ndi membrane glycoproteins, kuphatikiza kutsatsa ndi kuyambitsa zinthu zomwe zimalumikizana (zinthu IX, XI, ndi XII), kupanga ma coagulation omwe amalimbikitsa mapangidwe apamwamba a phospholipid nembanemba, ndikulimbikitsa mapangidwe a prothrombin.
Madzi a m'magazi omwe ali pamwamba pa mapulateleti amamangiriza ku zinthu zosiyanasiyana za coagulation, monga fibrinogen, factor V, factor XI, factor XIII, ndi zina zotero. ndipo PF3 onse amalimbikitsa kukomoka kwa magazi.PF4 imatha kuchepetsa heparin, pomwe PF6 imalepheretsa fibrinolysis.Pamene mapulateleti adamulowetsa padziko, iwo akhoza imathandizira pamwamba kutsegula ndondomeko ya coagulation zinthu XII ndi XI.Phospholipid surface (PF3) yoperekedwa ndi mapulateleti akuti imathandizira kuyambitsa kwa prothrombin pofika nthawi za 20000.Pambuyo polumikiza zinthu Xa ndi V pamwamba pa phospholipid iyi, amathanso kutetezedwa ku zotsatira zolepheretsa za antithrombin III ndi heparin.
Pamene kupatsidwa zinthu za m`mwazi aggregate kupanga hemostatic thrombus, ndi coagulation ndondomeko zachitika kale kwanuko, ndi kupatsidwa zinthu za m`mwazi poyera kuchuluka kwa phospholipid pamalo, kupereka zinthu zabwino kwambiri kutsegula kwa factor X ndi prothrombin.Pamene mapulateleti amakokedwa ndi kolajeni, thrombin kapena kaolin, Sphingomyelin ndi Phosphatidylcholine kunja kwa mapulateleti amasintha ndi phosphatidyl Ethanolamine ndi phosphatidylserine mkati, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonjezeka kwa phosphatidyl Ethanolamine ndi phosphatidyl ya pamwamba pa khungu.Magulu a phosphatidyl omwe ali pamwambawa adazunguliridwa pamwamba pa mapulateleti amatenga nawo gawo pakupanga ma vesicles pamtunda wa membrane panthawi yotsegula mapulateleti.Ma vesicles amachotsa ndikulowa m'magazi ndikupanga ma microcapsules.Ma vesicles ndi ma microcapsules ali olemera mu phosphatidylserine, yomwe imathandiza pa msonkhano ndi kutsegula kwa prothrombin ndikuchita nawo ntchito yopititsa patsogolo magazi.
Pambuyo pa kuphatikizika kwa mapulateleti, α yake Kutulutsidwa kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana zamapulateleti m'tinthu ting'onoting'ono kumathandizira kupanga ndi kuwonjezereka kwa ulusi wamagazi, ndikumangirira maselo ena amagazi kuti apange magazi.Chifukwa chake, ngakhale mapulateleti amapasuka pang'onopang'ono, hemostatic emboli imatha kuwonjezeka.Mapulateleti otsala m'magazi amakhala ndi pseudopodia omwe amapita ku netiweki yamagazi.Mapuloteni omwe ali m'mapulateletiwa amalumikizana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magazi aziundana, kutulutsa seramu ndikukhala pulagi yolimba ya hemostatic, kutseka mwamphamvu kusiyana kwa mitsempha.
Pamene activating platelets ndi coagulation system pamwamba, imayambitsanso fibrinolytic system.Plasmin ndi activator yake yomwe ili m'mapulateleti idzatulutsidwa.Kutulutsidwa kwa serotonin kuchokera ku ulusi wamagazi ndi mapulateleti kungayambitsenso maselo a endothelial kuti amasule zoyambitsa.Komabe, chifukwa cha kupasuka kwa mapulateleti ndi kutulutsidwa kwa PF6 ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimalepheretsa mapuloteni, sizimakhudzidwa ndi ntchito ya fibrinolytic panthawi ya mapangidwe a magazi.
(Zomwe zili m'nkhaniyi zidasindikizidwanso, ndipo sitikupereka chitsimikizo chotsimikizika kapena chotsimikizika pakulondola, kudalirika kapena kukwanira kwa zomwe zili m'nkhaniyi, ndipo sitili ndi udindo pamalingaliro ankhaniyi, chonde mvetsetsani.）
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-13-2023